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January 1, 2009
Animal ID & Traceability
Estimated costs of adopting bookend or full tracing NAIS practices by
species for an average operation in selected industry segments are
summarized in table 1. A bookend system refers to simply identifying the
animal individually or in group/lot fashion at its birth premises and then
terminating the record at the packing plant when the animal is
processed, with no intermittent tracing or recording of animal
movement. A full tracing system refers to the bookend plus also tracing
and recording movements of animals (individually or by group depending
on species) through their lifetime as they change ownership.
For a typical dairy cow operation, total cost of a bookend system would
be $2.47 per cow and full tracing $3.43 per cow annually. A large portion
of the costs for dairy cow operations are costs of individual electronic
tags for calves for a bookend system plus scanning costs for a full tracing
system. The typical beef cow operation would incur higher cost than the
typical dairy producer with a $3.92 per cow bookend adoption cost and a
$4.22 per cow full tracing cost. Other segments of the beef industry (i.e.,
backgrounders, feedlots, auction markets, and packers) incur much
smaller costs than the cow sector because their main costs are replacing
lost tags for a bookend and incurring scanning costs for full tracing.
Porcine adoption costs of bookend and full tracing are much smaller than
bovine costs because porcine utilize primarily group identification by pen
or lot rather than individual animal identification (with the exception of
cull breeding animals that use individual identification). For a typical
farrow‐to‐wean operation, annual costs of a bookend system are $0.01
per animal sold and a fully tracing system costs $0.025 per animal sold.
Ovine operations would use group identification for lambs but individual
identification for breeding animals. Annual costs to adopt a bookend
system would be $0.71 per animal sold and to adopt a full tracing system
would be $1.07 per animal sold.
Poultry operations would utilize exclusively lot identification systems and
have relatively low adoption costs of about $0.02 per animal sold
annually for layers and $0.001 per animal sold for broilers.
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