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Displaying 141 - 148 of 148
Summary Book - All Counties
68
V. LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS
Cow-Calf … 4,546
Sheep3
Swine4
Poultry and Eggs5
Other Livestock/Hedging6 396
Custom Feeding7 … 5,715
Feed Purchased8 -42,816
Livestock Value Produced9 $87,316
Corn10 …
Summary Book - All Counties
Informational Charts and Graphs for Whole Farm Analysis .........................9 … 80
Livestock Enterprise Summary … 101
2017 Livestock Enterprise Written Summary …
Summary Book - All Counties
66-67
IV. LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISE ANALYSISLivestock Enterprise Comparison (NW … 72-73
Livestock Enterprise Comparison (State … 9
Poultry and Eggs5
Other Livestock/Hedging6 176
Lvstk Gov Payments7 …
Summary Book - All Counties
67
IV. LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISE ANALYSISLivestock Enterprise Comparison, (Table … Returns to Management for Livestock Enterprises KFMA, NW … Farm Production Sources :
Livestock $153,008 $140,190 $95,481 …
September 30, 2016
Wind Energy Leases
were to measure this on a graph, it would
look like Figure …
October 1, 2015
USDA METSS Project
1.85
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GH
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SD
10
economy, can even lead to increases in housing costs as rents are increased by property owners to
address their income effects resulting from inflationary pressures. For the CPI for all items in Ghana,
during the 2003 to 2012 period, the CPI had been increasing at an annual rate of 13.7 percent.
Regarding the LCU in Ghana and the international dollar conversion factor, the LCU has been
depreciating by an average of 17 percent annually during the 1990 to 2013 period. Historical data on
the LCU conversion rate show that the LCU in Ghana has been steadily declining in value in relation to
the international dollar (Figure 4). For example, using the private consumption conversion factors, one
international dollar was equivalent to 0.03 and 0.93 LCUs in 1990 and 2013, respectively (World Bank).
Figure 3: Daily Market Exchange Rate of the Ghana Cedi to the US Dollar (November 2012‐July 2014)
Data Source: Investing.com (http://www.investing.com/currencies/ghs‐usd‐historical‐data).
The foregoing graphs support the non‐independence between the nominal exchange rate and inflation.
The exchange rate elasticity of inflation is estimated as 0.49 (t‐value = 12.19; p > |t| = 0.00). This
suggests that a percentage change in exchange rate would result in about one‐half percent change in
the CPI. A critical observation is that the rapid inflation in Ghana during this period relative to that in
the U.S., for example, contributes to the exacerbating exchange rate trend.
Let us assume that people qualifying for the minimum wage in Ghana have a very low non‐traded goods
content in their consumption basket. This is because to be earning the minimum wage, the person is
probably living in an urban area and have some form of regulated employment. The effect of the
exchange rate depreciation on this group of people provides an illustration of how the depreciating
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exchange rate pulls down the overall consumption environment to exacerbate the risk of poverty. Figure
5 shows that the Government of Ghana over the past several years has responded to the changing U.S.
dollar exchange rate by increasing the minimum wage. However, the rapid depreciation of the Ghana
cedi in recent years has positioned the U.S. dollar equivalent of the minimum wage in April 2014 at
about the same level it was five years’ earlier, without the attendant effect of inflation discussed earlier.
If inflation is accounted for, then we would have a situation where the minimum wage is significantly
lower in its purchasing power equivalent in 2014 than it was in 2010. If we assume that people earning
minimum wage are the most vulnerable to economic vicissitudes, then it is plausible to conclude that
the depreciation of the GHS against the USD may be having some adverse effect on the poor.
Figure 4: Trends in the Local Currency Unit Rate and the Consumer Price Index
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May 9, 2016
USDA METSS Project